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This lesson demonstrates ways that society and scientists identify and use data to understand disturbance events by focusing on the 2013 Boulder County, Colorado flooding events. Further, it encourages students to think about why we need to quantify change and the different types of data needed to quantify landscape change after a disturbance event.

This lesson focuses on flooding as a natural disturbance event with impacts on humans. While the drivers and impacts of flooding extend beyond the metrics used in this lesson, we use subsets of these datasets to elicit discussion surrounding how we can study flooding and how the event impacts humans:

• Precipitation:
• Stream Discharge:
• Before/After Terrain Data:
• Before/After Imagery: various sources, each image has source information

The teaching data subsets can be found on and downloaded from the .

Estimated Duration: 75 minutes (with suggestions for shorter or longer duration)

Themes: Ecological Disturbance

Audience: Undergraduate courses

Class size: Any (adapt the Q&A/Discussion questions to small group discussions or instructor-led introductions as needed)

Technology Needed

• Instructor
  • Internet access: if presenting, live from the website or accessing videos.
  • Computer & projector
  • Optional: audio capabilities for videos
• Student:
  • Optional: Computer/device with internet access

Materials Needed: None

Lesson Goals

This lesson focuses on how data can be used to quantify the drivers and impacts of natural disturbance events and why the quantification is important to for society’s understanding of, forecasting of, and recovery from disturbance events.

Science Objectives

After the lesson, students will be able to:

• Explain how and why data are needed to support scientific inquiry.
• Summarize how data can be collected and used to quantify a flood event, including precipitation and stream gauges and lidar .
• Organize the various drivers and impacts of disturbance events to show causation.
• Diagram relationships between different variables (drivers and impacts) and how they influence disturbance events.
• Describe how disturbance events can impact society.
• Contrast how different types of data can be used to quantify changes in terrain.
• Summarize what lidar data are and several ways the data can be used.
• Explain the concept of a â€�100-year eventâ€� and why we might have two 100-year floods five years apart.
• Define: disturbance event, LiDAR, stream discharge (including CFS â€� cubic feet per second), and floodplain.

Data Skills Objectives

See optional R based Data Activities for individual data skills objectives.

Lesson Pages

The first link here is the guided lesson. Subsequent links offer deep dives into exploration of the data used in the lesson.

Quantifying the drivers and impacts of the 2013 Colorado flood

Visualize precipitation data

Visualize stream discharge data

Use Lidar to visualize elevation changes caused by the 2013 flood

Interactive data visualization with R and Plotly

Data & Coding Extensions

All data used in this activity are freely available ().

The code for data manipulation and creation of the visuals is available at the end of each lesson. Throughout each lesson these activities are listed as Optional Data Activity. This could be used in the classroom, in a lab, or an out-of-classroom setting for students already familiar with basic coding and working with data (e.g. graduate students in a cross-listed course).

Suggestions for Presenting Lesson

The detailed lesson page can be used directly to teach from, for students to follow along with the instructor, or to serve as a reference for students before or after the class.

Instructors may also choose to download text, figures, graphics or video from this site and present the lesson in the medium of their choice.

Teaching Modules Collection

This lesson page is part of larger collection of lessons utilizing data collected during the 2013 Colorado Floods that are designed for undergraduate and graduate students. All lessons and related materials can be found on the .

Use of NEON Teaching Modules

All lessons developed by the National Ecological Observatory Network are open-access (CC-BY) and designed as a resource for the greater community. General feedback on the lesson is welcomed in the comments section for each lesson page. If you develop additional materials related to or supporting this lesson, and are willing to share them, we provide the opportunity for you to share them with other instructors. Please contact NEON Data Skills or, if familiar with GitHub, submit a pull request with the materials to the lesson’s repo (available from the lesson’s webpage). All materials will be reviewed by NEON staff prior to inclusion or linking to from the NEON Data Skills portal.